3.1 Sentence Types: Simple, Compound & Complex

Simple Sentence — Satu Idea

• Ada satu subjek + satu predikat (idea lengkap): "The cat slept." 🐱
• Berdiri sendiri sebagai satu independent clause ✅
• Boleh ada objek/keterangan: "Sara bought a new bag yesterday." 👜
• Eh, tahu tak? Simple bukan bermaksud pendek! 'The tired old man walked slowly along the beach' masih SIMPLE — sebab satu idea sahaja.
• Terlalu banyak simple sentence = karangan terdengar "childish" 👶

Compound Sentence — Dua Idea Setara

• Dua independent clause disambung: "I studied, and I passed." ⚖️
• Guna coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) 🔗

• For

  sebab (kerana)

  And

  tambahan

  Nor

  tidak juga

  But

  pertentangan

  Or

  pilihan

  Yet

  namun begitu

  So

  jadi/akibat

• Letak koma sebelum conjunction: "She was tired, but she kept going." ✏️
• Kedua-dua bahagian boleh berdiri sendiri sebagai ayat penuh 🧱

Cara ingat: 7 coordinating conjunctions = FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. Hafal sekali, guna selamanya! 🤠

Complex Sentence — Idea Utama + Idea Sokongan

• Satu independent clause + satu dependent clause 🏗️
• Dependent clause tak boleh berdiri sendiri: "because it was raining" ☔
• Guna subordinating conjunction: because, although, when, if, since, while 🔑

• Compound (setara)

  • "It rained, so we stayed home."
  • Dua idea sama kuat

  Complex (tak setara)

  • "Because it rained, we stayed home."
  • Satu idea sokong yang lain
• Kalau dependent clause di depan → letak koma: "Although he tried, he failed."

Tip Power! Dependent clause di HADAPAN perlukan koma. Di BELAKANG tak perlu: "He failed although he tried." (tiada koma)